早期纽约州政府推动公共工程建设探析——以启动伊利运河开凿为例
吕畅;
摘要(Abstract):
美国早期联邦政府与州政府在公共工程建设上存在权责不明的基本特征,伊利运河的开凿筹备即为一例。在缺乏联邦政府实质性支持的困境下,纽约州政府全面介入运河筹备工作。在解决由运河问题而产生的地区纷争以及州议会参众两院的政治博弈之后,加之州政府领导的运河委员会的协调和州政府的担保,伴随融资问题的解决,伊利运河最终动工。
关键词(KeyWords): 联邦政府;伊利运河;纽约州政府;运河委员会;德威特·克林顿
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Authors): 吕畅;
DOI: 10.13658/j.cnki.sar.2016.05.012
参考文献(References):
- (1)Noble E.Whitford,History of the Canal System of the State of New York together with Brief Histories of the Canal System of the United States and Canada,Vol.1,Albany:Brandow Printing Company,1906.
- (2)Julius Rubin,“An Innovating Public Improvement:The Erie Canal,”in Carter Goodrich,ed.Canals and American Economic Development,New York:Columbia University Press,1961;Nathan Miller,The Enterprise of a Free People:Aspects of Economic Development in New York State During the Canal Period,1792-1838,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1962.
- (3)主要有张友伦:《美国西进运动探要》,北京:人民出版社2005年版;何顺果:《美国边疆史:西部开发模式研究》,北京:北京大学出版社1992年版;王旭:《美国城市史》,北京:中国社会科学出版社2000年版。
- (4)Ronald E.Shaw,Erie Water West:A History of the Erie Canal,1792-1854,Lexington:University of Kentucky Press,1966,pp.29-30.
- (5)Thomas Jefferson:“Sixth Annual Message,”December 2,1806,in James D.Richardson,A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents,Vol.1,New York:Bureau of National Literature,1897,p.397.
- (6)Albert Gallatin,Report of Secretary of the Treasury on the Subject of Public Roads and Canals,Washington:R.C.Weightman,1808,p.59.
- (7)Thomas Jefferson:“Second Inaugural Address,”March 4,1805,in James D.Richardson,A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents,Vol.1,p.367.
- (8)Extract from“An Act for the Payment of certain Officers of Government,and for other Purposes,”Laws of the State of New York,Thirty-First Session(1808),Chapter 240,Vol.5,p.415.
- (9)Simeon De Witt to James Geddes,June 11,1808,Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,Albany:E.Hosford Printers,1825,pp.11-12.
- (10)Simeon De Witt to Joseph Ellicott,June 13,1808,in Frank H.Severance,ed.,The Holland Land Co.and Canal Construction in Western New York;Buffalo-Black Rock Harbor Papers;Journals and Documents,Buffalo:Buffalo Historical Society Publications,1910,p.4.
- (11)William W.Campbell,The Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton,New York:Baker and Scribner,1849,p.147.
- (12)详见Joseph Ellicott to Simeon De Witt,July 30,1808,in Frank H.Severance,ed.,The Holland Land Co.and Canal Construction in Western New York;Buffalo-Black Rock Harbor Papers;Journals and Documents,pp.4-15.
- (13)(14)Report of James Geddes to Surveyor General,January 20,1809,Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,p.31,p.32.
- (15)Albert Gallatin,Report of Secretary of the Treasury on the Subject of Public Roads and Canals,p.59.
- (16)Joshua Forman to David Hosack,October 13,1828,David Hosack,Memoir of De Witt Clinton,New York:J.Seymour,1829,pp.346-347.
- (17)参见Annals of the Congress of the United States,from 1789 to 1824,Eleventh Congress,Second Session,November 27,1809 to May 1,1810,pp.522-525,p.894.
- (18)Extract from“An Act for the payment of certain officers of Government,and for other purposes,”Laws of the State of New York,Thirty-Third Session(1810),Chapter 193,Albany:Websters and Skinner,1810,p.84.
- (19)Annals of the Congress of the United States,from 1789 to 1824,Eleventh Congress,Second Session,November 27,1809 to May 1,1810,pp.717,2513-2514;Eleventh Congress,Third Session,December 3,1810 to March 3,1811,pp.1107-1108,1352-1353.
- (20)Joseph H.Harrison,“The Internal Improvement Issue in the Politics of the Union,1783-1825,”Ph.D.Dissertation,University of Virginia,1954,pp.279-280.
- (21)G.S.Callender,“The Early Transportation and Banking Enterprises of the States in Relation to the Growth of Corporations,”The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.17,No.1(Nov.,1902),p.116.
- (22)“Report of the Commissioners,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,p.49,pp.52-53,p.63,p.67.
- (23)Ronald E.Shaw,Canals for a Nation:The Canal Era in the United States,1790-1860,p.36.
- (24)Neil Adams McN all,An Agricultural History of the Genesee Valley,1790-1860,Philadelphia:University of Philadelphia Press,1952,p.99.
- (25)详见“Proposed Bill,to be Passed by Congress,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,pp.95-100.
- (26)Annals of the Congress of the United States,from 1789 to 1824,Twelfth Congress,First Session,November 4,1811 to March9,1812,p.1078.
- (27)“Report of the Commissioners appointed to attend at the seat of the General Government,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,p.92.
- (28)“Report of the Commissioners appointed to attend at the seat of the General Government,”p.94,pp.72-74.
- (29)“Report of the Commissioners under the Act of April 8,1811,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,p.77,p.80.
- (30)Caroline E.MacG ill,History of Transportation in the United States before 1860,Washington:Carnegie Institution of Washington,1917,p.91.
- (31)David Hosack,Memoir of De Witt Clinton,p.377.
- (32)“Memorial of the Citizens of New York,in favor of a Canal Navigation,”is reprinted in David Hosack,Memoir of De Witt Clinton,p.418.
- (33)“Resolutions passed at the Ontario County Meeting,”pp.426-427.
- (34)William L.Stone to David Hosack,February 20,1829,David Hosack,Memoir of De Witt Clinton,p.432.
- (35)Ronald E.Shaw,Erie Water West:A History of the Erie Canal,1792-1854,p.240.
- (36)“Extract from the Governor’s speech,delivered at the opening of the session in 1816,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,p.116.
- (37)Gustavus Myers,The History of Tammany Hall,p.39.
- (38)De Witt Clinton to Joseph Ellicott,February 3,1816,The Holland Land Co.and Canal Construction in Western New York;Buffalo-Black Rock Harbor Papers;Journals and Documents,p.42.
- (39)Ronald E.Shaw,Erie Water West:A History of the Erie Canal,1792-1854,p.62.
- (40)William L.Stone to David Hosack,February 20,1829,David Hosack,Memoir of De Witt Clinton,p.437.
- (41)“Progress of the bill in 1816,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,pp.165-174.
- (42)(43)“Progress of the bill in 1816,”pp.175-179,179-183.
- (44)“Report of the Commissioners under the Act of April 17,1816,”Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals,Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners and other Documents,Vol.1,pp.267-269,245-246.
- (45)详见“An Act respecting Navigable Communications,between the great western and northern lakes,and the Atlantic Ocean,”Laws of the State of New York,Fortieth Session(1817),Chapter 262,Albany:Websters and Skinners,1818,pp.301-306.
- (46)Julius Rubin,“An Innovating Public Improvement:The Erie Canal,”in Carter Goodrich,ed.,Canals and American Economic Development,p.62.
- (47)David Hosack,Memoir of De Witt Clinton,p.453.